Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Use of Papaya Fruit Latex in Making Herbal Medicated Multinutrition Block as a Local Goat Feed Supplement

The use of papaya latex formulated with nitrogen supplementation and minerals in the form of multinutrition blocks that can pass through the rumen is expected to improve nutritional quality and feed digestibility. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of fermented rice straw, papaya fruit latex and blood clamshell flour as a main raw material in the manufacture of multinutrition blocks plus herbal anthelmintic medicine (papaya fruit latex) on physical quality (texture, color, aroma, hardness), chemical quality (proximate composition and mineral content of Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Zn). Microbiological tests were carried out on total bacteria, Salmonella and Escherichia coli. The research design used was a completely randomized design with 4 treatment levels of papaya fruit administration and 4 replications. Data is processed statistically using ANOVA. The results of organoleptic physical quality analysis showed significant differences in the texture of the product given the highest papaya latex (0.007ml / kg). Chemical analysis of the product showed a quantitative increase in protein, although statistically the treatment did not show any significant differences. The results of the analysis of the microbiological quality of the product quantitatively showed that the resulting multinutrition block herbs were not contaminated with negative bacteria. It was concluded that multinutrition block herbs can be given to livestock as supplementary feed.


Introduction
The unbalanced effects of nutrient supply on ruminants include low productivity, susceptibility to disease infestations that cause high mortality rates. Nematode worm infestation in many cases reported by Suhardono et al., (2012) occurs in young goats during growth. According to Malesi (2010) worms that commonly interfere with the health of goats and sheep are from the Nematode class, and the most dangerous type is Haemonchus contortus (tapeworm) which lives in the abomasum and lives as a blood sucking with infestation rates according to Lastuti et al., (2006 ) can reach 80%. This worm will lead to death in livestock, the growth of livestock will be disrupted to cause reproductive problems (Malesi, 2010) Goats that show symptoms of intestinal worms can be treated with traditional medicine or with manufacturing drugs. Traditional medicines such as papaya latex or papaya leaf juice are cheaper, easier to obtain, can be done by farmers, and have no harmful side effects compared to manufacturer's drugs. According to Permana (2013) papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a plant that almost all parts of the plant can be used for various purposes. Almost all parts of this plant from the roots, leaves, sap, to the seeds, have been empirically used as anthelmintics. Anthelmintic is an ingredient used to destroy worms in the digestive tract of goats.
Increasing the productivity of ruminants through the provision of practical nutrition must be developed so that it is easily applied by smallholder farmers. This includes feed supplementation using block multinutritions containing minerals according to the standard requirements of goats and microbial growth factors to increase feed digestibility. In this study, multinutrition blocks were given additional herbal anthelmintic to overcome nematode worm infestations which can interfere with the growth of livestock.

Materials and Methods
Providing multinutrition block herbs was done by using raw materials in the form of rice straw fermented with EM4, blood clam shells, young papaya sap, molasses, urea, bentonite, salt and lime. The main equipment used is mold blocks, grinders and pans to heat molasses.

Providing herbal medicated multinutrition block
Before being mixed with other raw materials, rice straw is fermented for 14 days with EM4 and rice bran, then dried and ground. Clamshell also needs to be grindered first before mixed together in the formulation. Multinutrition block herbal formulations showed on Table 1. Molasses were heated for 10 minutes at 40 o C then mixed with other raw materials. Papaya fruit latex is added according to research treatment. After homogeneous the mixture is weighed 600 grams each and formed using a 10 cm diameter pipe. Then after being solid and hardened, divided into 4 with the same weight. Each mixture is made 4 times for each treatment. Tapping papaya fruit latex To get young papaya latex, young papaya fruit is sliced as deep as a maximum of 2 mm. Each fruit has a maximum of 4 slices with a distance of 2 cm. Young papaya sap is collected for 2 hours every 3 days on the same fruit.

Treatment
The level of papaya fruit latex that ws given is T0: 0 ml / kg, T1: 0.003 ml / kg, T2: 0.005 ml / kg and T3: 0.007 ml / kg for the treatment. Variables were measured organoleptically (texture, color, hardness and aroma), chemistry (proximate composition and minerals Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Zn) and microbiology (total bacteria, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp.). The research design used was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Data analysis using ANOVA.

Physical quality test results
The organoleptic block multinutrition quality test was carried out by 10 trained semi-panelists. Organoleptic test results are shown in Table 2. Based on Table 2 there are significant differences in texture and hardness of herbal medicated multinutrition block (T3) treatment compared to other treatments (T0, T1, T2). The addition of 0.007 ml / kg of latex papaya is thought to cause a tighter texture and denser hardness than other treatments. Papaya latex is a white liquid that is sticky and released from plants that have laticifer or sap producers (Kusumadjaja and Dewi, 2005) et al., (2009) the milky juice of papaya (latex papaya) is used as chewing gum. The ability of papaya latex to bind the ingredients of the herbal medicated multinutrition block affects the texture and hardnesses to become more tight and dense.
The sensor of color and aroma has no significant difference since molasses becomes the dominant amount of herbal medicated multinutrition block. Molasses is responsible for the dark color of the product. Its dark color caused by the second boiling cycle of sugarcane (Kaushik et al., 2018)

Chemical quality test results
The proximate composition of multinutrition block herbs is shown in Table 3. From Table 3 it can be seen that the nutritional content of multinutrition herbs in the treatment blocks of T1 and T2 is quantitatively different from the percentage of protein content. While the other nutritional content is not significantly different. The fermentation process of rice straw using EM4 and fermented for 14 days can increase the crude protein content. During the fermentation process there is a change in structured carbohydrates and non-structural carbohydrates proven by the decrease in the content of crude fiber in fermented rice straw by 30.88% of crude fiber content of unfermented rice straw by 32.14% (Table 4). The addition of papaya fruit latex although not statistically significant, quantitatively tends to increase the protein content of the herbal multinutrition block. According to Rodrigues et al., (2009) papaya fruit latex contains about 30% of protease enzymes and 10% of other proteins.
Although the mineral content of rice straw is quite complete, in general it is relatively lower compared to the mineral content of grasses and legumes. Low quality feed which has a high content of fiber mostly contains very low minerals so that it becomes a limiting factor for microbial growth in the rumen such as P and S content. Therefore, it is necessary to add minerals to the livestock ration if rice straw is used as the main feed.
Mineral content in rice straw is used by microorganisms found in EM4 to help metabolize activity in digesting crude fiber. Stimulatory factors that significantly increase the value of substrate digestibility by stem bacteria (P <0.05) when compared to controls are Fe; Zn; Se; Cu; Co, Mo, and Mn. There are similarities and differences in effects between substances used in the activity of bacterial cocci and stems. Zn; Co; Cu and Mo increase the activity of bacterial cocci and stem (Thalib et al., 2000). In general, the mineral content of multinutrition herbal blocks in each treatment was not significantly different.

Microbiological quality test results
The addition of EM4 to the rice straw fermentation process affected the total number of multinutrition block bacteria (Table 6). In general no Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp bacteria were identified. on block multinutrition. The presence of flavonoids in papaya fruit latex which functions as antimicrobials plays a role in preventing the development of pathogenic bacteria (Kaushik et al., 2018)

Conclusions
From the results of this work, it can be concluded that herbal medicated multinutrition block can be given to livestock as supplementary feed.